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Table of contents
PREFACE
SUMMARY
DANSK SAMMENDRAG
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 OBJECTIVE 1
1.2 STRUCTURE OF THE PLAP 2
2 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT TYLSTRUP 5
2.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 5
- 2.1.1 Site description and monitoring design 5
- 2.1.2 Agricultural management 6
- 2.1.3 Model set-up and calibration 6
- 2.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 7
- 2.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances 7
- 2.2.2 Bromide leaching 9
- 2.2.3 Pesticide leaching 11
3 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT JYNDEVAD 15
3.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 15
- 3.1.1 Site description and monitoring design 15
- 3.1.2 Agricultural management 15
- 3.1.3 Model set-up and calibration 17
- 3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 17
- 3.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances 17
- 3.2.2 Bromide leaching 19
- 3.2.3 Pesticide leaching 21
4 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT SILSTRUP 27
4.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 27
- 4.1.1 Site description and monitoring design 27
- 4.1.2 Agricultural management 27
- 4.1.3 Model set-up and calibration 29
- 4.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 29
- 4.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances 29
- 4.2.2 Bromide leaching 31
- 4.2.3 Pesticide leaching 34
5 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT ESTRUP 47
5.1 MATERIAL AND METHODS 47
- 5.1.1 Site description and monitoring design 47
- 5.1.2 Agricultural management 47
- 5.1.3 Model set-up and calibration 49
- 5.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 49
- 5.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances 49
- 5.2.2 Bromide leaching 51
- 5.2.3 Pesticide leaching 54
6 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT FAARDRUP 65
6.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 65
- 6.1.1 Site description and monitoring design 65
- 6.1.2 Agricultural management 68
- 6.1.3 Model set-up and calibration 68
- 6.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 69
- 6.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances 69
- 6.2.2 Bromide leaching 71
- 6.2.3 Pesticide leaching 73
7 PESTICIDE ANALYSIS QUALITY ASSURANCE 79
7.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 79
- 7.1.1 Internal QA 79
- 7.1.2 External QA 80
- 7.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 81
- 7.2.1 Internal QA 81
- 7.2.2 External QA 84
- 7.3 SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS 87
8 SUMMARY OF MONITORING RESULTS 89
9 REFERENCES 97
| Summary
In 1998, the Danish Parliament initiated the Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme (PLAP), an intensive monitoring programme aimed at evaluating the leaching risk of pesticides under field conditions. The objective of the PLAP is to improve the scientific foundation for decision making in the Danish registration procedures for pesticides. The specific aim is to analyse whether pesticides applied in accordance with current regulations leach to the groundwater in unacceptable concentrations. The programme presently evaluates the leaching risk of 31 pesticides applied at five agricultural sites ranging in size from 1.1 to 2.4 ha. The results so far show that:
- Of the 31 pesticides applied, six (clomazone, desmedipham, linuron, metsulfuronmethyl, triazinamin-methyl and triasulfuron) did not leach during the current monitoring period.
- The monitoring data indicate pronounced leaching of 11 of the applied pesticides and three of their degradation products. Thus ethofumesate, bentazone, pendimethalin, propyzamid, glyphosate and its degradation product AMPA, metamitron and its degradation product metamitron-desamino, azoxystrobin and its degradation product CyPM, as well as the degradation products of metribuzin, terbutylazine, pirimicarb and rimsulfuron, leached through the root zone (1 m b.g.s.) in average concentrations exceeding the maximum allowable concentration of 0.1 µg/L. Except for a degradation product of metribuzin and rimsulfuron leaching was mainly confined to a depth of 1 m, where pesticides were frequently detected in samples from suction cups and drainage systems. Only the metribuzin degradation product was detected beneath this depth at average concentration exceeding 0.1 µg/L.
- The monitoring data also indicate leaching of an additional 14 pesticides, but not in high concentrations. Thus, although the concentration exceeded 0.1 µg/L in several samples, the average leaching concentration (1 m b.g.s.) did not.
The PLAP initially evaluated the leaching risk at six agricultural sites representing a range of Danish soil and climate conditions. Monitoring at the Slaeggerup site was terminated on 1 July 2003, and results from that site are not included in the present report. For the monitoring results from this site see Kjar et al. (2004). The pesticides were all applied at the maximum permitted dose. In order to describe water transport a bromide tracer was applied to the fields. Bromide and pesticide concentrations are measured monthly in both the unsaturated and the saturated zones, and weekly in the drainage water. This report presents the monitoring results from the five agricultural sites at which monitoring presently is performed and covers the period May 1999.June 2006. The main focus is on evaluating the leaching risk of the pesticides applied during 2003 and 2004. The report should be viewed as an interim report because not all of the pesticides applied have been monitored for at least two consecutive years |
