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ISBN 978-87-7871-252-3
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Table of contents
PREFACE
SUMMARY
DANSK SAMMENDRAG
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVE
1.2 STRUCTURE OF THE PLAP
2 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT TYLSTRUP
2.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1.1 Site description and monitoring design
2.1.2 Agricultural management
2.1.3 Model setup and calibration
2.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
2.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances
2.2.2 Bromide leaching
2.2.3 Pesticide leaching
3 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT JYNDEVAD
3.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1.1 Site description and monitoring design
3.1.2 Agricultural management
3.1.3 Model set-up and calibration
3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances
3.2.2 Bromide leaching
3.2.3 Pesticide leaching
4 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT SILSTRUP
4.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS
4.1.1 Site description and monitoring design
4.1.2 Agricultural management
4.1.3 Model setup and calibration
4.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances
4.2.2 Bromide leaching
4.2.3 Pesticide leaching
5 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT ESTRUP
5.1 MATERIAL AND METHODS
5.1.1 Site description and monitoring design
5.1.2 Agricultural management
5.1.3 Model setup and calibration
5.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances
5.2.2 Bromide leaching
5.2.3 Pesticide leaching
6 PESTICIDE LEACHING AT FAARDRUP
6.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS
6.1.1 Site description and monitoring design
6.1.2 Agricultural management
6.1.3 Model setup and calibration
6.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6.2.1 Soil water dynamics and water balances
6.2.2 Bromide leaching
6.2.3 Pesticide leaching
7 PESTICIDE ANALYSIS QUALITY ASSURANCE
7.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.1.1 Internal QA
7.1.2 External QA
7.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
7.2.1 Internal QA
7.2.2 External QA
7.3 SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS
8 SUMMARY OF MONITORING RESULTS
9 REFERENCES
| Summary
In 1998, the Danish Parliament initiated the Pesticide Leaching Assessment Programme (PLAP), an intensive monitoring programme aimed at evaluating the leaching risk of pesticides under field conditions. The objective of the PLAP is to improve the scientific foundation for decision-making in the Danish registration procedures for pesticides. The specific aim is to analyse whether pesticides applied in accordance with current regulations leach to groundwater in unacceptable concentrations. The programme presently evaluates the leaching risk of 40 pesticides and 27 metabolites at five agricultural sites ranging in size from 1.1 to 2.4 ha. The results so far show that:
- Of the 40 pesticides applied, ten pesticides or their degradation products (clopyralid, chlormequat, desmedipham, florasulam, linuron, metsulfuron-methyl, thiamethoxam, tribenuronmethyl, iodosulfuron-methyl and triasulfuron) did not leach during the 1999-2008 monitoring period.
- The monitoring data indicate pronounced leaching of 12 of the applied pesticides and three of their degradation products. Thus ethofumesate, bentazone, propyzamide, tebuconazole, glyphosate and its degradation product AMPA, metamitron and its degradation product metamitron-desamino, azoxystrobin and its degradation product CyPM, as well as the degradation products of metribuzine, terbuthylazine, pirimicarb and rimsulfuron, picolinafen, leached through the root zone to 1 m below ground surface (hereafter m b.g.s.) in average concentrations exceeding 0.1 µg/l. Except for the degradation products of metribuzine, rimsulfuron and terbuthylazine, leaching was mainly confined to the depth of 1 m, where pesticides were frequently detected in the samples from suction cups and drainage systems.
- The monitoring data also indicate leaching of an additional 18 pesticides, in low concentrations, however. Thus, although the concentrations exceeded 0.1 µg/l in several samples, the average leaching concentrations at 1 m b.g.s. did not. Leaching was mainly confined to the depth of 1 m, where pesticides were detected in the samples from suction cups and drainage systems.
The PLAP initially evaluated the leaching risk at six agricultural sites representing a range of Danish soil and climate conditions. Monitoring at the Slaeggerup site was terminated on 1 July 2003, and results from that site are not included in the present report. For the monitoring results from this site see Kjær et al. (2004). Pesticides were always applied in the maximum permitted dose. In order to describe water transport a bromide tracer was applied to the fields. Bromide and pesticide concentrations are measured monthly in both the unsaturated and the saturated zones, and weekly in the drainage water. This report covers the period May 1999–June 2008 and presents the monitoring results from the five agricultural sites presently monitored. The main focus is on evaluating the leaching risk of the pesticides applied during 2006.
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